requests¶

Ek line mein

HTTP requests bhejne ki sab se aasan Python library — urllib ka insaan-dost version.

Install¶

pip install requests

Core concepts¶

Cheez	Matlab
`Response`	Server ka jawab — status, headers, body sab isme
`Session`	Connection reuse + cookies yaad rakhta hai
`raise_for_status()`	4xx/5xx pe exception phenkta hai

Examples¶

GETPOSTSession

import requests

r = requests.get("https://api.github.com/users/octocat", timeout=10)
r.raise_for_status()
print(r.json()["name"])

r = requests.post(
    "https://httpbin.org/post",
    json={"name": "Ali", "city": "Karachi"},
    timeout=10,
)
print(r.status_code, r.json()["json"])

with requests.Session() as s:
    s.headers.update({"Authorization": "Bearer TOKEN"})
    a = s.get("https://api.example.com/me")
    b = s.get("https://api.example.com/projects")

Gotchas¶

Timeout hamesha do

Default mein koi timeout nahi hota. Agar server jawab na de to script hamesha ke liye hang ho jayegi.

r.text vs r.content

r.text decoded string deta hai (encoding ka guess laga ke), r.content raw bytes. Image ya PDF download karte waqt hamesha r.content.

r.json() fail ho sakta hai agar response JSON na ho — try/except mein rakho
params= use karo, URL mein khud query string mat jodo
Bohat saari requests? Session use karo, warna har baar naya TCP connection banega

Cheatsheet¶

Kaam	Code
Query params	`requests.get(url, params={"q": "python"})`
Custom headers	`requests.get(url, headers={"X-Key": "abc"})`
JSON body	`requests.post(url, json=payload)`
Form body	`requests.post(url, data=payload)`
File upload	`requests.post(url, files={"f": open("a.png","rb")})`
Status check	`r.raise_for_status()`
Redirects band	`requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)`
Stream download	`requests.get(url, stream=True)`