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requests#

Ek line mein

HTTP requests bhejne ki sab se aasan Python library — urllib ka insaan-dost version.

Install#

pip install requests

Core concepts#

Cheez Matlab
Response Server ka jawab — status, headers, body sab isme
Session Connection reuse + cookies yaad rakhta hai
raise_for_status() 4xx/5xx pe exception phenkta hai

Examples#

import requests

r = requests.get("https://api.github.com/users/octocat", timeout=10)
r.raise_for_status()
print(r.json()["name"])

r = requests.post(
    "https://httpbin.org/post",
    json={"name": "Ali", "city": "Karachi"},
    timeout=10,
)
print(r.status_code, r.json()["json"])

with requests.Session() as s:
    s.headers.update({"Authorization": "Bearer TOKEN"})
    a = s.get("https://api.example.com/me")
    b = s.get("https://api.example.com/projects")

Gotchas#

Timeout hamesha do

Default mein koi timeout nahi hota. Agar server jawab na de to script hamesha ke liye hang ho jayegi.

r.text vs r.content

r.text decoded string deta hai (encoding ka guess laga ke), r.content raw bytes. Image ya PDF download karte waqt hamesha r.content.

  • r.json() fail ho sakta hai agar response JSON na ho — try/except mein rakho
  • params= use karo, URL mein khud query string mat jodo
  • Bohat saari requests? Session use karo, warna har baar naya TCP connection banega

Cheatsheet#

Kaam Code
Query params requests.get(url, params={"q": "python"})
Custom headers requests.get(url, headers={"X-Key": "abc"})
JSON body requests.post(url, json=payload)
Form body requests.post(url, data=payload)
File upload requests.post(url, files={"f": open("a.png","rb")})
Status check r.raise_for_status()
Redirects band requests.get(url, allow_redirects=False)
Stream download requests.get(url, stream=True)